有哪些英文單字能用來解釋語氣(tone)呢?

Question

課本上都說要解釋tone
可是到底有分哪些tone呀?
有哪些重要的單字嗎?

↖放。牛∮囝。仔↘ · Accepted Answer

tone
n.
1. [C] sound, especially with reference to its pitch, quality, strength, etc. 
    聲音; 音調; 音質
    Ex.1. The ringing tones of an orator's voice
             演說者宏亮的聲音
         2. the alarm bell's harsh tone
             刺耳的警鍾的聲音
2.[C] manner of expression in speaking
         語氣; 口氣; 腔調
         Ex.1. speak in an angry, impatient, retreating, etc tone
                  以憤怒、不耐煩、懇求等的語氣說話
              2. a tone of command, reproach, regret, etc
                  命令、責備、抱歉等的口氣
              3. Don't speak to me in that tone ( of voice), ie in that unpleasant, insolent,
                  critical, etc 
                  別用那種腔調跟我說話
3.[C, U] quality or character of sound produced by a musical instrument
   (樂器的) 音質, 音色
   Ex.1.a violin with ( an) excellent tone
           音色優美的小提琴
4.[sing] general spirit or character of sth
   某事物的格調或特性
   Ex.1.Overall, the tone of the book is satirical/ the book is satirical in tone.
           總的說來, 這本書是諷刺性的.
        2.set the tone for/ of the meeting with a conciliatory speech
           以表示和解的講話為會議定調子
5.[C] (music) any one of the five larger intervals between one note and the next that
         (together with two semitones) make up an octave
   (音) 全音
6.[C] 1.tint or shade (of a color); degree (of light)
            色度; 光度
            Ex.1.a carpet in tones of brown
                    有棕色和橙色交織的一塊地毯
         2.general effect or color, light and shade
            色調、明暗、影調的總體效果
            Ex.1.a picture in warm, dull, bright, etc tones
                    暖色調的、暗淡的、明亮的... 畫兒
                 2.an artist's fine painting of skin tones
                    畫家將膚色明暗處理得很好的畫
7.[U] proper firmness of the body
   身體強壯
   Ex.1.good muscular tone
           肌肉結實
8.[C]audible signal on a telephone line
   (打電話時聽到的)信號
   Ex.1.That tone means that the number is engaged.
           那種聲音表示該號電話佔線
9.[C] (linguistic) pitch aspect of a syllable; rise or fall of pitch in speaking
   (語言)音調; 聲調

Sunny · Answer

Tone of voice reflects psychological arousal, emotion, and mood. It may also carry social information, as in a sarcastic, superior, or submissive manner of speaking.

1. "The more threatened or aggressive an animal becomes, the lower and harsher its voice turns--thus, the bigger it seems."

2. People unconsciously adapt to each other's voice tones.  When two people converse, the person whose low-frequency [i.e., dominant] vocal characteristics change the least is perceived by both as having the higher social status"

3. A significant number of voice qualities are universal across human cultures, (though they are subject to cultural modification and shaping. 
(1). Around the world, adults use higher pitched voices to speak to infants and young children. The softer pitch is innately "friendly," and suggests a nonaggressive pose. 
(2). With each other, men and women use higher pitched voices in greetings and in courtship, to show harmlessness and to invite physical closeness.
(3). In almost every language, speakers use a rising intonation to ask a question. The higher register appeases the request for information, and is often accompanied by diffident palm-up gestures and submissive shoulder-shrugs (for neurological links between tone of voice and these cues, see SPECIAL VISCERAL NERVE).
( 4). The human brain is programmed to respond with specific emotions to specific vocal sounds (see, e.g., CRY, Infancy; MUSIC, Neuro-notes I; STARTLE REFLEX, Neuro-notes).

有哪些英文單字能用來解釋語氣(tone)呢?

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