How Tunnels Are Built請幫我翻譯這篇文章
How Tunnels Are Built
After the general direction for a tunnel has been determined, the next steps
are a geological survey of the site and a series of borings to obtain specific
information on the strata through which the tunnel may pass. The length and
cross section of a tunnel generally are governed by the use for which it is
intended, but its shape must be designed to provide the best resistance to internal
and external forces. Generally, a circular or nearly circular shape is chosen.
In very hard rock, excavation usually is accomplished by drilling and
blasting. In soft to medium-hard rock, a tunnel-boring machine typically does
the excavating work. In soft ground, excavation usually is accomplished by
digging or by advancing a shield and squeezing the soft material into the tunnel.
In all cases the muck (excavated rock or earth) is collected and transported out
of the tunnel. In underwater tunneling a shield is used to advance the work.
Another method of building an underwater tunnel is to sink tubular sections into
a trench dug at the bottom of a river or other body of water.
3 個解答
- 1 0 年前最佳解答
隧道是怎麼挖出來的
一旦決定隧道的走向，下一步就是進行地理學上的調查以及一連串的鑽探來獲得隧道可能經過的地層的資料。
隧道的長度和通過的地點一般是依隧道用途來決定；然而隧道的形狀必須設計成抗壓性最強的形狀，不管是內在的壓力或是外在的壓力。
一般來說，這種形狀是圓形或是接近圓形。
遇到非常硬的岩石，挖鑿通常是用鑽孔或是爆破的方式進行；若是鬆軟或是中硬度的岩石就用隧道鑽掘機；如果是軟土，就用挖掘的方式
或是藉由隱盾（shield）前進並把泥土壓入隧道中。
挖鑿出的岩石或是泥土接著會被集中送出隧道。
水面下的隧道工程會多加一層保護盾來便利工作進行。另一種在水面下建造隧道的方法是將隧道分段沉入河床或其他水體底部挖好的溝中。
2008-05-14 00:55:01 補充：
謝謝指正。資料上確實是潛盾。我第一次翻譯時用的就是潛盾，但是不小心被自己刪掉了。第二次憑印象重翻時就成了隱盾了。
- 1 0 年前
隧道如何被建造
在對於隧道的一般方向已經被決定之後，下一個步驟
是位置的一個地質學調查和一系列的切屑獲得特性
關於層的資訊完成的隧道可能通過哪一個。 長度和
隧道的交叉部分通常被使用統治為哪一個它是
想要，但是它的形狀一定要被設計提供內在的最好抗拒
而且外部的軍隊。 通常，圓形或幾乎圓形的形狀被選擇。
